How often should the Product Backlog be refined?

The frequency of refining the Product Backlog is determined by the needs of the development team and the changing dynamics of the project. It is essential for the Product Backlog to be refined continuously and incrementally, based on evolving requirements, feedback, and insights from previous Sprints. This ongoing refinement process ensures that items are well-defined, prioritized, and meet the current needs of stakeholders, thereby readying the backlog for upcoming Sprints.

Refinement "as needed" accommodates situations where significant changes occur, new information is available, or priorities shift. This adaptive approach allows for flexibility and responsiveness, ensuring that the team works on the most valuable features at the right time.

While refining during every Sprint can be beneficial and is commonly practiced, it may not always be necessary or possible to schedule formal refinement sessions within every cycle. Thus, stating that refinement occurs "as needed" captures the essence of prioritizing the Product Backlog in alignment with real-time project demands and stakeholder objectives.